Increased Coverage of Influenza and Anti-Pneumococcal Vaccines in the Integrated Care Management of Albacete

Mañez AN¹, Vadillo FJ², Naharro F³ and Tárraga López PJ^1*

¹Family Doctor EAP 5A of Albacete, Spain

²Director-Manager, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Spain

³Medico GAI of Albacete, Spain

*Corresponding Author:

Pedro J Tarraga Lopez
Family Practice, SESCAM
EAP Zone 5
Albacete, 02005, Spain
Tel: 609080627
Fax: 967225533
E-mail: pjtarraga@sescam.jccm.es

Received date: December 09, 2016; Accepted date: December 28, 2016; Published date: December 31, 2016

Citation: Mañez AN, Vadillo FJ, Naharro F, Tárraga López PJ (2016) Increased Coverage of Influenza and Anti-Pneumococcal Vaccines in the Integrated Care Management of Albacete. J Community Med Health Educ 6:494. doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000494

Copyright: © 2016 Mañez AN, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Vaccination is the public health technique that has saved most lives. In our environment we had fallen in a stabilization and even regression in the campaigns of vaccination. A health management intervention is carried out with the involvement of the managers of the Management of integrated care of Albacete for the improvement of the coverage of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus. This involvement has led to better coordination with primary health care staff and patient awareness that vaccination has increased over previous campaigns.

Keywords

Vaccination; Coverage; Influenza; Anti-pneumococcal

Introduction

Vaccination is a sanitary technique that is applied to the healthy population susceptible to disease, with the purpose of cutting the transmission of the infection and eliminating the susceptibility to the disease, also called active immunization. During the twentieth century vaccination has been one of the measures with the greatest impact on public health, since its administration has managed to reduce the burden of disease and mortality from infectious diseases in childhood [1,2].

Some vaccinations given in childhood do not induce lasting immunity for life, so if programs are not reinforced with doses after the years, vaccinated people become susceptible again and therefore at risk of becoming ill [3].

The need to be vaccinated does not end when you become an adult. Vaccines are not just for children. No matter how old we are, we all need vaccines to protect against serious and sometimes fatal diseases. The protection of the vaccines you received as a child may disappear over time, which could put you at risk for new and different diseases. It is therefore of great importance to extend vaccination policies or recommendations to these population groups in order to complement child vaccination programs and strengthen their impact on infection control [4,5].

The adult vaccination schedule includes vaccination recommendations from the age of 18 years. The recommendations of vaccination are not exhausted with childhood and it is never late to get vaccinated; even, there are vaccines especially indicated for seniors. The adult vaccination schedule includes, on the one hand, recommendations for the entire population of a defined age group according to the vaccine and, on the other hand, recommendations for vaccination directed at those who constitute the so-called risk groups for a particular disease [5].

In general terms, all adults with incomplete or unvaccinated vaccination in childhood should complete the vaccine scheme correctly. For some diseases, vaccination correction has no age limit, such as tetanus and diphtheria, for others, vaccination is recommended when the person has not passed the disease and is not immunized, as with measles and rubella. The timing also contains the indications of memory doses if the immunity is lost over time. Finally, given that older people have poorer immune system responses, making them vulnerable, the schedule also includes new vaccination recommendations from the age of 60 years [6].

In addition, certain people with chronic pathologies, or who are in a peculiar situation or who perform a certain work, constitute the socalled risk groups for immune-preventable diseases, against which it is recommended to be vaccinated, these people have a greater risk of suffering. This disease has complications and transmits to more vulnerable people [7].

Annual influenza vaccines are very important especially in people over 65 years and chronic patients and at risk because in these groups infection by influenza virus causes serious complications that can even lead to death.

Despite these benefits, influenza vaccination coverage is often low, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends coverage of more than 75% in a recently published article. It refers to a "Suspension to Autonomies in Flu Vaccination" since none Reached the recommended figures: La Rioja 66.5%, Basque Country 60.19%. Castilla León 66.10%, Navarra 60.02% Castiilla the spot 60% above and Ceuta 28.91% Melilla 38.13% and Baleares 45.90% below, our CLM Community is about 62% [5,6].

Another recommended vaccine for people over 65 years of age and people with immunosuppression is the pneumothorax that is put free of charge in our region and prevents pneumococcal (ENI) Invasive Disease that produces 60% Pneumonias, 34% sepsis and 5% meningitis with very serious consequences. Therefore it is recommended to vaccinate the risk groups to improve the prognosis of the patients and it is necessary to increase the vaccination coverage in all the groups in order to reduce the mortality by ENI. Therefore the goal is to increase vaccination coverage in adults for influenza and pneumococcus.

Method

In 2012 there is a relaxation in the campaigns of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus with stabilization and even drops of coverings. In the national press is published "Suspended in Population vaccinated (Ministry of Health of Spain: National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance) Optimal figures WHO 75%.

La Rioja 66.5%, Basque Country 60.19%, Castilla León 66.10%, Navarra 60.02%, CLM 60%, Ceuta 28.91%, Melilla 38.13%, Baleares 45.90%.

A campaign to increase vaccination coverage begins:

• In principle, it is necessary to involve the primary care professionals (doctors and nurses). For this, an awareness campaign is initiated on the importance of vaccination to groups at risk. Meetings are held with doctors and nurses, both in groups and separately.

• At meetings with medical coordinators and nursing, emphasis is placed on the importance of vaccination

• Meetings are held with the primary care teams.

• And it includes the increase of influenza and pneumococcus vaccination coverage as an important objective of the management contract of the primary care team in order to obtain economic incentives.

• During the campaigns, periodic information is provided on the coverage achieved and comparing the equipment to each other.

• At the end of each year the management contract of each center is analyzed and economic incentives are paid according to the objectives achieved.

Results

In the vaccine campaigns of 2013 and 2014, all primary care teams in the Albacete Integrated Management Unit increased their influenza vaccine coverage significantly, 65% and 72%, respectively. Even in the health care staff as a risk group the sensitization led to high coverage (Table 1).

Table 1: Vaccination of health personnel of the integrated management of Albacete compared to the rest of managements.

It can be observed that there is a statistically significant relationship between health centers that had met management contract objectives and those that had increased vaccination coverage (p<0.002). Similarly, primary care teams that increased vaccination coverage also increased vaccination in the staff (p<0.005). In terms of vaccination against pneumococcus, we also found a significant relationship (p<0.001), so that the teams that increased the influenza vaccination coverage also increased the number of pneumococcal vaccines.

More than 50% of the primary care teams managed to reach the goals of the Ministry of Health (Figure 1). Regarding pneumococcal vaccination, primary health care was given to vaccinate all persons who were or had reached the age of 65, obtaining high coverage (Table 2).

Table 2: Coverage anti-pneumococcical vaccination.

Discussion

The involvement of managers of Integrated Management of Albacete in improving the coverage of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination increased coverage of these [8]. This involvement has led to better coordination with primary health care staff and patient awareness that vaccination has increased over previous campaigns.

This project was based on a baseline condition in which vaccination coverage against influenza and pneumococcus had been stabilized and even reduced by the neglect of both patients and responsible health professionals [9]. A responsible commission is created to stimulate and increase the coverage, is formed by members of the management and the medical and nursing coordinators of the primary care teams in the area.

This commission is responsible for the success both in the vaccination of the patients and of the health professionals themselves. In the first years an increase in coverage for both the influenza and pneumococcal vaccine has been observed, in subsequent years a decrease in the impact of influenza has been observed and will be confirmed in the future for both influenza and for pneumococcus.

Conclusions

Vaccinations have succeeded in reducing the burden of disease and mortality from infectious diseases. Primary care is the natural area of prevention and health promotion, so from here we must promote vaccination. The coordination of management teams and primary care professionals improve vaccine coverage.

References

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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. MMWR 49: 1-127.
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4. National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (2012) National center for epidemiology. Carlos III Health Institute.
5. Gestal OJJ, Takkouche B, Huelva BP (2001) Acute respiratory infections. Flu. In: Piedrola Gil. Preventive medicine and public health. (10th edn).
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9. Ciccone MM, Aquilino A, Cortese F, Scicchitano P, Sassara M, et al. (2010) Feasibility and effectiveness of a disease and care management model in the primary health care system for patients with heart failure and diabetes (Project Leonardo. Vasc Health Risk Manag 6: 297-305.

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