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The study of the numerous historical bodies of water that make up our planet, including marine and freshwater habitats, is known as aquatic science. Aquatic scientists examine, among many other things, water flow, water chemistry, aquatic species, marine ecosystems, the transport of materials in and out of aquatic environments, and human use of water [1]. Aquatic scientists look at both present and historical processes. Plants and animals interact in most water settings. Plants that thrive in water are known as aquatic plants. Water lilies, floating hearts, the lattice plant, sea grass, and phytoplankton are examples of aquatic plants [2]. Aquatic plants, such as the lotus flower, can be found rooted in mud or floating on the water’s surface, like the water hyacinth. Many aquatic creatures rely on aquatic plants for oxygen, food, and refuge. Furthermore, underwater vegetation provides spawning, nursing, shelter, and hunting areas for a variety of marine creatures. Sea grass, for example, is an important food source for both marine and coastal fish. Sea grass helps to maintain sediments, create organic matter for tiny aquatic creatures, and oxygenate the water [3]. Phytoplankton is a kind of aquatic plant that is also significant. Aquatic animals and plants both contribute to the health of our ecosystem and the quality of life for humans. For our survival, humans rely on their ecological functions. Surface waters and its inhabitants are used by humans to process waste products. Medicine, food, energy, shelter, and a variety of raw materials are all provided by aquatic plants and animals. Today, aquatic plants and animals account for more than 40% of all medications.

Furthermore, for many people, water animals are a significant source of food. Furthermore, aquatic species is a significant source of atmospheric oxygen and plays an important role in avoiding new illnesses, pests, predators (disambiguation), food shortages, and global climate change from affecting people. Creatures that spend the most of their lives underwater are known as aquatic animals [4]. Crustaceans, reptiles, mollusks, aquatic birds, aquatic insects, and even starfish and coral are among these creatures. Unfortunately, aquatic creatures confront several challenges, the most of which are caused by human conduct.

Pollution, particularly coastal pollution, is another concern to aquatic species. Industrial agriculture is to blame for this pollution. Reactive nitrogen and phosphorus are dumped into rivers and subsequently carried to the ocean as a result of these farming practises [5]. These chemicals have resulted in “dead zones,” which are areas where there is a lack of oxygen in the water. Aquatic creatures also suffer the threat of habitat degradation, which is a serious problem. The clearance of mangrove forests for shrimp production and the scraping of underwater mountain ranges by deep-sea trawling are examples of this.

Although there aren’t many statutory holidays dedicated to aquatic research, a new one dubbed World Aquatic Animal Day has been created [6]. On April 3, 2020, World Aquatic Animal Day was established to raise awareness for these often overlooked animals. This festival strives to deepen our respect and knowledge of these species in addition to promoting awareness for them. The term “aquatic creatures” is not confined to fish in this festival.

1. Swe T, Lombardo P, Ballot A, Erik Thrane J, Erik Eriksen T, et al. (2021) the importance of aquatic macrophytes in a eutrophic tropical shallow lake. Limnologica   90: 125910.

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2. Hui C, Yi Li, Zhang W, Lihua Niu, Wang N, Huanjun Zhang (2021) Modelling structure and dynamics of microbial community in aquatic ecosystems: The importance of hydrodynamic processes. J  Hydrol 605: 127351.

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3. Gomes Ribeiro-Brasil DR, Schlemmer Brasil L, Oliveira Veloso GK, Pio de Matos T, Silva de Lima E, et al.(2021) The impacts of plastics on aquatic insects.  Sci Total Environ 813: 152436.

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4. Zhengyu Wu, Bo Shao, Yiyan Zhang, Wei He , Zhike Li, et al.( 2021) Impact of dissolved organic matter and environmental factors on methylmercury concentrations across aquatic ecosystems inferred from a global dataset. Chemo s 294: 133713.

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5. Richard K J, Peter Carlson, Mckie BG (2021) Contrasting responses of terrestrial and aquatic consumers in riparian – stream networks to local and landscape level drivers of environmental change. Basic Appl Ecol 57: 115-128.

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6. Kumar Behera B, Dehury B, Kumar Rout A, Biswanath Patra, Nitin Mantri, et al. (2021) Metagenomics study in aquatic resource management: Recent trends, applied methodologies and future needs. Gene Rep 25:101372.

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