Journal of Radiology
Open Access

The human body is a remarkable system, exhibiting a wide array of anatomical variations. One such intriguing variation is the bifid mandibular condyle. The mandibular condyle, located at the articulation point of the lower jaw with the temporal bone, plays a crucial role in the complex process of mastication. While the bifid mandibular condyle is relatively rare, imaging techniques have proven to be invaluable in identifying and studying this anatomical peculiarity.

The term “bifid” refers to the splitting or division of a structure into two parts. In the case of the mandibular condyle, it refers to the presence of two separate condylar heads instead of a single unified structure. This division can occur in different configurations, including a complete or partial separation of the condylar heads.

Imaging techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revolutionized the field of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. These modalities provide detailed and accurate three-dimensional representations of the craniofacial structures, enabling clinicians to visualize and analyze anatomical variations like the bifid mandibular condyle.

CBCT, in particular, has emerged as an excellent imaging modality for evaluating the mandibular condyle due to its high spatial resolution and low radiation dose. It allows for precise visualization of the condylar heads and their relationship with the surrounding structures. CBCT scans can reveal the exact location, size, and morphology of the bifid mandibular condyle, aiding in treatment planning and surgical interventions, if necessary.

MRI, on the other hand, offers a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed soft tissue information. It can help assess the articular disc, joint capsule, and surrounding ligaments, providing a comprehensive understanding of the bifid mandibular condyle’s functional implications. MRI is particularly useful in identifying any pathological conditions associated with the condylar heads, such as osteoarthritis, internal derangements, or tumors [1].

The identification of a bifid mandibular condyle has important clinical implications. While it is often an incidental finding, it can be associated with various clinical conditions, including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, malocclusion, or facial asymmetry. Understanding the presence of a bifid mandibular condyle is crucial for orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, and prosthodontics, as it may require specific treatment considerations [2].

In cases where the bifid mandibular condyle is symptomatic or contributes to functional disturbances, various treatment approaches can be considered. These may include conservative management options, such as physiotherapy, medication, or occlusal splints, to alleviate symptoms and improve joint function. In more severe cases, surgical interventions, such as condylectomy or joint reconstruction, may be required to address the underlying anatomical anomaly (Figure 1).

In conclusion, the imaging of a bifid mandibular condyle has provided valuable insights into the anatomical variations of the temporomandibular joint. CBCT and MRI have proven to be indispensable tools in accurately identifying and characterizing this unique variation. The knowledge gained from imaging studies helps clinicians make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. As technology continues to advance, these imaging techniques will further contribute to our understanding of craniofacial anatomy, paving the way for more effective and personalized treatment approaches in the future.

Acknowledgement

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Conflict of Interest

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1. Antoniades K, Karakasis D, Elphtheriades J (1993) Bifid mandibular condyle resulting from a sagittal fracture of the condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31: 124-126.

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2. Boyne PJ (1967) Osseous repair and mandibular growth after subcondylar fractures. J Oral Surg 25: 300-309.

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