Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production
Open Access

Unwanted change in any sort of living organism ecosystem that affects life inhabitants is termed as pollution in common words. Due to rapid industrialization and high amount use of insecticide, herbicide and fertilizers in agriculture for different purposes the quality of water and other resources which are vital for life on planet earth are being degrading and disturbing [1]. Infiltrated industrial, agricultural and domestic discharge of water into streams and rivers pollutes this water and led to reached to lethal level [2], cause tremendously affect fish as well other wild life. Particularly water pollution has damaged fish population by affecting reproductive health, life span and embryonic as well larval development and also cause deleterious effects in other living organisms [3].Intense use of herbicides and insecticides for increase production of food and control of disease has tremendously contributed to environmental pollution in aquatic as well as terrestrial.

Chlorpyrifos is a well-known insecticide of the organ phosphorus family. The exposure of aquatic organisms to various stressed and pollutants practically insecticide in their environment generally causes rapid changes in various hematological parameters of fish [4].

The aim of the study is to find the toxic effect of insecticides chlorpyrifos on haematological parameters of grass carp.

Materials and Methods

Study design

During experimentation one group was kept untreated which was considered as control group while the second group was treated against the sub lethal doses of chlorpyrifos having concentration 0.01μlL-1 for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days respectively.

Hematological parameters

For examination of the hematological parameter, blood was drawn from the caudal vein of grass carp through sterile heparinized syringe and stored in EDTA tubes. Blood samples were observed through hematological Analyzer Model No (URIT 3020) placed in laboratory of Department of Zoology, University of Swabi.

Statistical analysis of collected data

At the end of the research collected data was statistically analyzed. Statistical data was analyzed by calculating mean and standard deviation.

Results and Discussion

The present experiment was conducted for the purpose to analyze the toxicity (LC15) of insecticides chlorpyrifos on hematological parameters, grass carp (Ctenopharygdon idella) for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days respectively against 0.01μlL-1and alterations were observed in each treated group against each specific time.

One group was considered as control group and was kept without treatment while the other groups were treated against chlorpyrifos for the time period mentioned above. Each treated group was consisted of 5 fish and after treatment three fish were collected randomly for analysis.

Various parameters including haematology, and behavioural observation of grass carp were observed against the specific sub lethal dose of chlorpyrifos herbicide for various time periods. Behavior of fish was also under observation throughout the experimentation.

Behavior of fish were observed regularly during the experimentation and noted that chlorpyrifos poisoning in fish ends in high rate of breathing due to suffocation that was observed by maximum frequency of opercula movement, loss of body balance, includes erratic and jerky swimming, frequent surfacing, becoming exhausted and lethargic and bleeding at the base of the eyeballs while blood alteration of Grass Carp expose to chlorpyrifos were shown in (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Blood alteration of grass carp expose to chlorpyrifos.

Chlorpyrifos has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase which very much important to normal function of acetylcholine as neurotransmitter molecule to convey impulse but this chemical stop it to be spread and accommodate at synaptic junction to block message from onward going. Fishes which have been exposed to insecticides chlorpyrifos induce reduction in haematological value which is either due to erythropoiesis, chemosynthesis and osmoregulatotry dysfunction or due to an increase in rate of erythrocyte destruction in haematopoietic organs [5].

Exposing to insecticides like chlorpyrifos induce changes in the blood parameters as to decrease RBC, WBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit while MCV, MCH and MCHC show fluctuation which can’t be described to either increase or decrease permanently [5].

Conclusion

Current study finding concluded that insecticides chlorpyrifos cause a intense alteration in hematological parameters including RBC. The need to minimize the use of these kinds of insecticides is required as to prevent lethal effects on living biota.

Acknowledgment

The author is greatly acknowledging the Department of Biology University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for providing experimental facilities.

Conflict of Interest

The author confirmed that the content of this manuscript has no conflict of interest.

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