Journal of Pregnancy and Child Health
Open Access

Endometriosis may be a condition during which cells almost like those within the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the within of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. Most frequently this is often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue round the uterus and ovaries; however, in rare cases it's going to also occur in other parts of the body. The most symptoms are pelvic pain and infertility. Nearly half those affected have chronic pelvic pain, while in 70% pain occurs during menstruation. Pain during sexual activity is additionally common. Infertility occurs in up to half affected individuals. Less common symptoms include urinary or bowel symptoms. About 25% of people haven't any symptoms and 85% of these seen with infertility during a tertiary center haven't any pain. Endometriosis can have both social and psychological effects.

The cause isn't entirely clear. Risk factors include having a case history of the condition. The areas of endometriosis bleed monthly (menstrual period), leading to inflammation and scarring. The growths thanks to endometriosis aren't cancer. Diagnosis is typically supported symptoms together with medical imaging; however, biopsy is that the surest method of diagnosis. Other causes of comparable symptoms include pelvic disease, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and fibromyalgia. Endometriosis is usually misdiagnosed, and ladies are often incorrectly told their symptoms are trivial or normal.

Tentative evidence suggests that the utilization of combined oral contraceptives reduces the danger of endometriosis. Exercise and avoiding large amounts of alcohol can also be preventive. there's no cure for endometriosis, but variety of treatments may improve symptoms. this might include pain medication, hormonal treatments or surgery. The recommended pain medication is typically a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), like naproxen. Taking the active component of the contraception pill continuously or using an IUD with progestogen can also be useful Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) may improve the power of these who are infertile to urge pregnant. Surgical removal of endometriosis could also be wont to treat those whose symptoms aren't manageable with other treatments.

One estimate is that 10.8 million people are affected globally as of 2015. Other sources estimate 6 to 10% of the overall female population and a couple of to 11% of asymptomatic women are affected. additionally, 11% of girls during a general population have undiagnosed endometriosis which will be seen on resonance imaging (MRI). Endometriosis is commonest in those in their thirties and forties; however, it can begin in girls as early as eight years old. It leads to few deaths with unadjusted and age-standardized death rates of 0.1 and 0.0 per 100,000. Endometriosis was first determined to be a separate condition within the 1920s. Before that point, endometriosis and adenomyosis were considered together. it's unclear who first described the disease.

A major symptom of endometriosis is recurring pelvic pain. The pain can range from mild to severe cramping or stabbing pain that happens on each side of the pelvis, within the lower back and rectal area, and even down the legs. the quantity of pain an individual feels correlates weakly with the extent or stage (1 through 4) of endometriosis, with some individuals having little or no pain despite having extensive endometriosis or endometriosis with scarring, while others may have severe pain albeit they need only a couple of small areas of endometriosis. The foremost severe pain is usually related to menstruation. Pain also can start every week before a menstrual period, during and even every week after a menstrual period, or it are often constant.