Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing
Open Access

Diarrhoea; Pregnancy; Hormonal changes

Introduction

During pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations can affect the digestive system, leading to changes in bowel movements. The increased production of progesterone can slow down the movement of food through the intestines, potentially causing diarrhoea [1,2].

Methodology

Dietary changes

Pregnant women often experience changes in appetite and food preferences. Consuming new or unfamiliar foods, food sensitivities, or an excessive intake of certain foods (such as spicy or greasy foods) can trigger diarrhoea.

Prenatal supplements

Iron and certain prenatal vitamins, especially those containing high levels of iron, can cause digestive upset and diarrhoea in some women. Discussing alternative options or adjusting the dosage with a healthcare provider may help alleviate this issue [3-5].

Infections and illnesses

In some cases, diarrhoea during pregnancy can be a result of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These include common gastrointestinal infections like viral gastroenteritis or foodborne illnesses.

Management and precautions

Diarrheal can lead to fluid loss and dehydration, which can be particularly concerning during pregnancy. It is crucial to stay wellhydrated by drinking plenty of fluids such as water, electrolyte solutions, and clear broths.

Dietary modifications

Avoiding spicy, greasy, or fatty foods that may exacerbate diarrhoea is advisable. Opt for easily digestible foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet) to help settle the stomach. Including probioticrich foods, such as yogurt, can aid in restoring gut health.

Proper hand hygiene

Frequent handwashing is essential to prevent the spread of infections that can cause diarrhea. Use soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before and after using the bathroom, handling food, or interacting with potentially contaminated surfaces [6-9 ].

Medication and supplements

It is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any over-the-counter medications or supplements to manage diarrhoea during pregnancy. Some medications may not be safe during this time, so professional guidance is vital.

Rest and self-care

Allowing you sufficient rest and reducing stress can support the healing process and promote overall well-being. Stress can aggravate digestive issues, so practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or prenatal yoga, may be beneficial [10]. While most cases of diarrhoea during pregnancy resolve on their own within a few days, certain situations warrant medical attention:

Persistent diarrhoea lasting longer than 48 hours

Severe abdominal pain or cramping

Blood in stool or black, tarry stools

High fever or signs of dehydration (excessive thirst, decreased urine output, dizziness)

Conclusion

Experiencing diarrhoea during pregnancy can be uncomfortable, but with proper management and precautions, it can be effectively addressed. By understanding the potential causes and implementing strategies to alleviate symptoms, expectant mothers can ensure their own well-being and the health of their growing baby. If concerns arise or symptoms persist, it is always essential to consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate guidance and support throughout the pregnancy journey.

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