Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing
Open Access

Corona virus; Air borne disease; saliva; SARS-CoV; Conjunctival; Infection

Covid-19 is a pandemic in 2019 after the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009.Corona virus infects respiratory system in humans like pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing. In animals it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. COVID-19, is a highly contagious disease. Corona virus is named based on the appearance of the virus under the microscope.Corona virus can transmit via airborne droplets from human to human or human to animal. During Corona virus enters in human cell through ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. World Health Organization is advised to avoid public places and close contact to infected persons and avoid giving shake hands. The Corona virus (2019-nCoV) was isolated from Wuhan market China at 7 Jan. 2020.

The microbiologist and Virologist was started research to understand these problems. After a various experiments they conclude and understand the pathogenesis of corona virus. Corona virus is a single stranded RNA viruses and it is covered with club shaped glycoprotein. Coronaviruses mainly recognize their corresponding receptors on target cells through S proteins on their surface; entry to the cells results in infection. According to the current research, the genome of the corona virus and SARS virus is similar and model analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 with high. Four sub types Corona viruses are alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Some of them were affect human and other affected animals.

Based on the evidence the most common route of transmission is droplets and close contact with infected person and other route of transmission is aerosol. In addition, some evidence showed that Covid virus seen in samples of stool, gastrointestinal tract, saliva and urine. The incubation period of corona virus infection in humans is 3 days. The symptoms are showing within 14 days of infection. The common symptoms of COVID-19 are throat infection, fever, cough, diarrhea and vomiting. Corona virus RNA has been detected in gastrointestinal tissue from patients with COVID-19. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the tears and conjunctiva secretions of patients with COVID-19. There is no evidence that possibility of vertical transmission for pregnant women.

It infects at all ages of people. The rate of infection is high in older people age more than 65 years than younger people. To prevent the transmission of infection should maintain 1m distance from person to person stay home, wash your face and hands with sanitizer and stay home. In world More than 27.5 million people have been diagnosed with the coronavirus infection and 897,383 have died. India is in 2^nd position after the United States of America in the world.

Now there is no specific treatment for corona virus. The therapy for corona virus infection includes administration of antipyretic and analgesic, maintenance of hydration, ventilation, and uses of antibiotic in bacterial infections. If any patient case is severe with any other health issues like blood pressure, diabetes and respiratory problem then additional treatment include drugs and therapeutics.