Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development
Open Access

The source of most of the chemical changes are happened in the sea is the flux of biologically introduced organic matter from the euphotic zone mainly. The gas exchange at the air-water interface is the sink for anthropogenically manufactured from the greenhouse gases. Chemical reactions in the ocean replaced dramatically and are facilitated by a unique set of microbes when the oxygen concentration levels are gradually exhausted. The most widespread example of this is in ocean sediments which become the most dominant sink for nitrate after the organic matter diagenesis depletes oxygen sources level. Other examples are the amount of oxygen minimum zones of the ocean and anoxic basins like the Black Sea. Chemical reactions are at mid-ocean ridge extending centres that bisect all ocean basins involve unique reactions that greatly influence ocean chemical mass balance and provide a host for distinctive biological systems.

A major chemical discovery was the constancy in the ratio of the major ions like sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulphate to each other throughout the oceanic water levels of column. Since that time, the Analytical Chemistry has played a fundamental role in the Chemical Oceanography, as the procedure development to determine trace elements at micromolar, nanomolar, and picomolar concentrations is required to understand the issued and reactivity of chemical constituents within the marine and at its interfaces surface. The reliable results are at extremely low concentrations requires the strict sampling protocols or in situ methods so that pollution of the samples does not occurs. The protocols for sampling of carbon and its organic individuals are generally different for inorganic elements and compounds. For trace metals and nonmetals, proper analytical and sampling protocols were finally improved and have they led to an improved understanding of element recycling in the ocean areas. Since the technique development is used to determine the chemical speciation i.e., redox state as well as specific compounds of each element has become of paramount consequence.

This thematic issue shows, the solution of how chemistry can be effectively used to understand complex problems at both the molecular scale and the global scale reactions. The researchers have made new interpretations to provoke the thinking about coastal and oceanic bio and geo-chemical processes as well as provided an upto-date assembly of important information. The researchers are also showed areas where further research is required. Clearly, the advances in chemistry continued to discuss the further the field of Chemical Oceanography.