Cervical Cancer: Open Access
Open Access

Cervical cancer claims the lives of 260,000 women each year, with over 85% of these deaths occurring in poor countries, where it is the leading cause of cancer death in women. This high mortality rate is largely due to health disparities and poverty. While standard Papanicolaou and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has drastically reduced cervical cancer deaths in Western countries, cervical cancer rates in poor countries will continue to rise without adequate infrastructure, facilities, and medical training. Studies on HPV DNA testing and the low-tech "screen and treat" technique are both promising. Furthermore, lowering the cost of HPV vaccines and boosting their availability in developing countries gives hope and promise to the future generation of women [1].

One of the most common cancers in women is cervical cancer. The goal of this study is to determine the risk factors for cervical cancer in women between the ages of 25 and 80. A case-control study was used in this research. A total of 75 age-matched patients and controls were included in the study. Total enumeration was used in the case of group sampling. Purposive sampling is used to sample the control group. The study only included women who met the inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was created to measure the individuals' cervical cancer risk factors. Face-to-face interviews with the participants were done [2]. Cervical cancer was linked to education, domicile, the use of old cloth sanitary napkins, young age at marriage, the number of husband's partners, cleansing the genitalia after sexual intercourse, and the availability of health services (P 0.05). Cervical cancer can be prevented by bathing on a daily basis and during menstruation. The use of health services and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections were found to have a significant relationship with the development of cervical cancer in logistic regression. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can be detected with prior understanding of risk factors. Early detection of cervical cancer has been demonstrated to be beneficial when high-risk populations are identified and early screening begins [3].

Over the last 50 years, cervical cancer screening has drastically reduced new cases and fatalities from the illness. However, the number of women in the United States who are past due for cervical cancer screening is increasing, and the reasons for this are unknown. Researchers evaluated data on more than 20,000 women in the United States who were eligible for cervical screening to better understand the drop in cervical screening. The rates of timely cervical cancer screening declined overall between 2005 and 2019, according to the study. In addition, the study revealed differences between women's groups [4]. In 2019, Asian and Hispanic women, as well as women who lived in rural areas, lacked insurance, or identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, other, or unsure (LGBQ+), were more likely to be overdue for screening than non-Hispanic White women. According to research published in JAMA Network Open on January 18, the most prevalent reason study participants indicated for not receiving timely screening was a lack of understanding about screening or not realising they needed it. "Cervical cancer can be avoided," stated Ryan Suk, of the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, who led the study. "However, the disease's frequency is higher than it should be, and there are significant variations in the rates of timely screening among women from various socioeconomic categories" [5].

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2. Arulogun OS, Maxwell OO (2012) Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 11:69.

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3. Shields TS, Brinton LA, Burk RD, Wang SS, Weinstein SJ, et al. (2004) A case-control study of risk factors for invasive cervical cancer among U.S. women exposed to oncogenic types of human papillomavirus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:1574-1582.

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4. Gaffikin L, Blumenthal PD, Emerson M, Limpaphayom K (2003) Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RTCOG)/JHPIEGO Corporation Cervical Cancer Prevention Group (JCCCPG), authors Safety, acceptability, and feasibility of a singlevisit approach to cervical-cancer prevention in rural Thailand: a demonstration project. Lancet 361:814-820.

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5. Denny L, Kuhn L, De Souza M, Pollack AE, Dupree W, et al. (2005) Screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 294:2173-2181.

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