Advances in Cancer Prevention
Open Access

Stem cells are the body’s raw materials cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated [1]. Under the proper situations in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells referred to as daughter cells.

These daughter cells either become new stem cells (self-renewal) or grow to be specialized cells (differentiation) with a more specific function, consisting of blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells or bone cells. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to generate new cell types.

The concept that cancer is mostly driven with the aid of using a smaller population of stem cells has crucial implications.

Another vital implication is that it’s far the cancer stem cells that deliver rise to metastases (while cancer travels from one a part of the body to some other) and also can act as a reservoir of cancer cells that could motive a relapse after surgery, radiation or chemotherapy has removed all observable signs of a cancer.

One element of the cancer stem cell theory concerns how cancers get up. In order for a cell to grow to be cancerous, it has to undergo a significant number of essential modifications in the DNA sequences that alter the cell [2]. Conventional cancer theory is that any cell in the body can undergo those modifications and become a cancerous outlaw. But researchers at the Ludwig Center observe that our normal stem cells are the only cells that reproduce themselves and are therefore around long sufficient to accumulate all of the essential modifications to produce cancer [3]. The theory, consequently, is that cancer stem cells arise out of normal stem cells or the precursor cells that normal stem cells produce.

Thus, some other vital implication of the cancer stem cell concept is that cancer stem cells are closely associated with normal stem cells and will share many of the behaviours and features of those normal stem cells [4]. The other cancer cells produced with the aid of using cancer stem cells ought to follow among the rules determined by daughter cells in normal tissues. Some researchers say that cancerous cells are like a cool animated film of ordinary cells: they show many of the same features as ordinary tissues, however in a distorted way. If that is true, then we are able to use what we realize approximately ordinary stem cells to pick out and assault most cancers stem cells and the malignant cells they produce. One recent success illustrating this approach is research on anti-CD47 therapy.

Who requires stem cell transplant?

Stem cell transplant is required to treat humans with sure types of leukaemia, lymphomas, and cancers such as that of the testicles [5]. They may also be used for neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma.

It is very vital that the donor and recipient is a near match to avoid graft rejection. Graft rejection happens while the recipient’s immune gadget recognizes the donor cells as overseas and tries to damage them mistaking them of bacteria or virus. Graft rejection can result in graft failure however it’s rare when the donor and recipient are properly matched.

1. Miyoshi N, Mizushima T, Doki Y, Mori M (2019) Cancer Stem Cells in Relation To Treatment. Jpn J Clin Oncol 49:232-237.

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2. Namazi H, Kiminezhadmalaie M (2015) Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Fractal Analysis of Damaged DNA. Comput Math Methods Med 2015:242695.

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3. Tomasetti C, Li L, Vogelstein B (2017) Stem Cell Divisions, Somatic Mutations, Cancer Etiology, and Cancer Prevention. Science 355:1330-1334.

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4. Trosko JE (2021) On the Potential Origin and Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells. Carcinogenesis, 42:905-912.

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5. Loke J, Malladi R, Moss P, Craddock C (2020) The Role of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Management of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Triumph of Hope and Experience. Br J Haematol 188:129-146.

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