Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases & Practice
Open Access

A microorganism or pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Our body is normally loaded with organisms. However these organisms possibly objective an issue assuming your safe framework is debilitated or on the other hand assuming they figure out how to enter an ordinarily sterile piece of your body. Microbes are unique and can cause sickness after entering the body. Each of the microorganism needs to flourish and endure is a host. When the microbe sets itself up in a host's body, it figures out how to keep away from the body's invulnerable reactions and utilizations the body's assets to imitate prior to leaving and spreading to another host. Microorganisms can be communicated a couple of ways relying upon the kind. They can be spread through skin contact, organic liquids, airborne particles, contact with defecation, and contacting a surface contacted by a contaminated individual [1].

Types of Microorganisms

There are various kinds of microorganisms

• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi and
• Parasites

Viruses

Infections are comprised of a piece of hereditary code, like DNA or RNA, and safeguarded by a covering of protein. Whenever you're infected, infections attack have cells inside your body. They then, at that point, utilize the parts of the host cell to recreate, delivering more infections. After the replication cycle is finished, these new infections are let out of the host cell. This normally harms or obliterates the infected cells. Some infections can stay torpid for a period prior to duplicating once more. Whenever this occurs, an individual seems to have recuperated from the viral contamination, yet becomes ill once more. Anti-toxins don't kill infections and in this way are ineffectual as a treatment for viral contaminations. Antiviral prescriptions can in some cases be utilized, contingent upon the infection [2, 3].

Bacteria

Microscopic organisms are microorganisms made of a solitary cell. They are extremely different, have an assortment of shapes and includes, and can live in pretty much any climate, remembering for and on your body. Not all microscopic organisms cause diseases. Those that can are called pathogenic microorganisms. Your body can be more inclined to bacterial diseases when your resistant framework is undermined by an infection. The illness state brought about by an infection empowers regularly innocuous microorganisms to become pathogenic. Anti-toxins are utilized to treat bacterial contaminations. A few strains of microorganisms have become impervious to antimicrobials, making them hard to treat [4, 5] .

Fungi

There are a large number of various contagious species on earth. Parasites can be tracked down pretty much wherever in the climate, including inside, outside, and on human skin. They cause contamination when they congest. Organisms cells contain a core and different parts safeguarded by a film and a thick cell divider. Their design can make them harder to kill. A few new strains of parasitic diseases are ending up particularly hazardous, for example, Candida aurus, and have incited more examination into contagious contaminations [6, 7] .

Parasites

Parasites are life forms that act like tiny creatures, living in or on a host and taking care of from or to the detriment of the host [8]. However parasitic contaminations are more normal in tropical and subtropical districts, they can occur at any place. Three fundamental kinds of parasites can cause sickness in people. These include

• Protozoa, which are single-celled creatures that can live and duplicate in your body [9]
• Helminths, which are bigger, multi-celled creatures that can live inside or outside your body and are normally known as worms 
• Ectoparasites, which are multicelled creatures that live on or feed off your skin, including a few bugs, like ticks and mosquitos [10]

They can be spread multiple ways, including through tainted soil, water, food, and blood, as well as through sexual contact and by means of bugs.

1. Woolhouse MEJ, Sequeria SW (2005) Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1842-1847.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

2. Desrosiers R (2011) Transmission of swine pathogens: different means, different needs. Anim Health Res Rev 12: 1-13.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref


3. Woolhouse ME, Taylor LH, Haydon DT (2001) Population biology of multihost pathogens. Science 292:1109-1112.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Scholthof KBG (2007) The disease triangle: pathogens, the environment and society. Nat Re Microbiol 5:152-156.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

5. Dangl JL, Jones JD (2001) Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection. Nature 14:826 833.

Indexed at, Crossref

6. Vouga M, Greub G (2016) Emerging bacterial pathogens: the past and beyond. Clin Microbiol Infect 22:12-21.

Indexed at, Google Scholar

7. Anaissie EJ, Bodey GP, Rinaldi MG (1989) Emerging fungal pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8:323-330.

Indexed at, Crossref

8. Twitchell KT (2003) Bloodborne pathogens. What you need to know - Part I. AAOHN J.51: 46-47.

Indexed at, Google Scholar

9. Cabral JPS (2010) Water microbiology: Bacterial pathogens and water. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7:3657-3703.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

10. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuch O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124: 783-801.

Indexed at, Crossref