Environment Pollution and Climate Change
Open Access

Petroleum pollution; Petroleum-contaminated soil

Introduction

This resulted in a shift in the dominant flora of bacteria and fungi as well as a reshaping of the co-occurrence network relationship between bacteria and fungi. Petroleum-contaminated soil had a significantly higher total organic carbon content than uncontaminated soil, a significantly lower alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content than uncontaminated soil, and a significantly higher Cu content after pollution. The microbial community remodelling and composition in oil-contaminated soil are significantly regulated by total organic carbon, which is the primary driving factor that alters oil-contaminated soil microorganisms. The bioremediation of oilcontaminated soil was provided with a solid theoretical foundation by this study.

A large number of hydrocarbons, such as n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons make up the complex organic mixture that is petroleum. a small number of compounds other than hydrocarbons, such as sulfides, nitrides, and alkane acids, and organic metals like nickel, vanadium, and others Li and other, 2021a; Wang and others, 2020. The problem of oil pollution is getting worse as a result of leaks in the oil exploitation, smelting, storage, and transportation processes, as well as leaks and bursts in oil well pipelines. The bearing center of the terrestrial ecosystem is the soil. Petroleum pollutants are mostly found on the soil’s surface, which will result in the physical properties (such as porosity and moisture content)) and chemical properties like pH, TOC, and other things of varying degrees of soil change; For instance, the permeability of the soil, the dispersion and combination of soil particles, the composition of soil organic matter, and the combination of organic matter and soil particles are affected when loose spaces in the soil become compacted, the water and oxygen content decrease, nutrient circulation slows down, and the original structure of the soil is altered. Numerous organic groups are present in petroleum pollutants. At the point when petrol enters the dirt climate, its rich mixtures consolidate with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the dirt, subsequently restricting the nitrification and dephosphorization of the dirt and bringing about the decrease of fast acting nitrogen and phosphorus in the dirt. Petroleum’s organic matter also significantly increases the amount of organic carbon in the soil, alters the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the soil, and affects soil fertility, which is the primary reason for changes in the composition and amount of organic matter on the soil surface. Reduced material exchange between plant roots and soil will result from these changes in physical and chemical properties [1-5].

Discussion

In addition, the soil is home to numerous microbial communities. The diversity of soil microbial species is determined by the richness and uniformity of microbial communities. The parent materials of soil, environmental factors, and crop planting conditions all have a significant impact on the structure of microbial communities. There are tens of thousands of fungi in one gram of soil, making them the second largest microbial group in soil. In general, microorganisms play a crucial role in the biosphere’s energy flow, material cycle, and soil ecosystem. Microorganisms in soil participate in the decomposition, transformation, and other biochemical processes of organic matter and are an essential component of soil biological activity. Numerous soil microorganisms are toxically affected by petroleum components, according to studies. So, when petroleum pollutants get into the soil, there are fewer active soil microorganisms, and the microbial community and micro flora change.

Global oil fields’ economic development and ecological environment are currently severely impacted by oil-contaminated soil. The remediation of polluted soil has turned into the focal point of momentum ecological examination and one of the major natural issues. We must fully comprehend the effects of oil pollution on soil in order to resolve this issue. As a result, it is critical to investigate the changes in the structure and function of microbial communities in oilcontaminated soil.

In outline, this study centres on the examination of bacterial local area variety in oil-tainted soil and its relationship with ecological elements. The unique bacterial composition and abundance of contaminated and unpolluted soil were obtained by measuring the physical and chemical properties of oil-contaminated soil and the surrounding control soil, as well as by analysing the bacteria and fungi in each group; these findings make abundant substrate for bio augmentation-based bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. The bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil now has a solid theoretical foundation thanks to this successful investigation of soil microbial community structure and environmental factors [6-10].

Conclusion

In conclusion, because oil-contaminated soil is good for bioremediation, we ought to fully develop the resources of indigenous bacteria and add nitrogen and other nutrients to encourage the growth of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria and increase the rate at which oil is degraded. After oil pollution, the number of soil microorganisms, particularly oil-degrading microorganisms, increased rapidly and established a distinct dominant position, providing numerous flora resources for oil-contaminated soil bioremediation. In addition, in the process of oil-contaminated soil bioremediation, a certain oil concentration can aid in the degradation of petroleum pollutants by encouraging the growth of certain microorganisms, adding exogenous nutrients, and establishing them as the dominant bacteria.

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