Journal of Oncology Research and Treatment
Open Access

Lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymphatic system. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are where it develops. These cells aid in the battle against disease and play a crucial part in the body's immunological defenses. Because this cancer originates in the lymphatic system, it has a high proclivity for spreading to various tissues and organs throughout the body. The liver, bone marrow and lungs are the most frequent site of lymphoma to spread.

The most common type of lymphoma is Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which arises from B and T lymphocytes (cells) in lymph nodes or tissues throughout the body. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumours don't always infect every lymph node, bypassing some and developing in others.

Hodgkin lymphoma reed-Sternberg cells, which are unusually massive B lymphocytes, are a sign of Hodgkin lymphoma, an immune system malignancy which can be diagnosed by clinicians. When a person has Hodgkin lymphoma, the cancer normally spreads from one lymph node towards another. According to the National Cancer Institute, Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for 0.5 percent of all cancers and affects about 0.2 percent of people in the United States.

Lymphoma symptoms are similar to those of viral infections like the common cold. They do, however, sometimes have been there for a long period of time. Some patients will not have any signs and symptoms. A swelling of the lymph nodes may be noticed by others. Lymph nodes are located throughout the body. The neck, waist, abdomen, and armpits are the most typically affected areas by swelling.

Swellings are usually not painful. If the swollen glands press upon organs, bones, or other structures, they might become uncomfortable. Lymphoma can sometimes be misdiagnosed with back pain.

Lymph nodes can also increase as a result of common diseases like the common cold. The swelling in lymphoma might not reduce. If the swelling is caused by an infection, it is also more likely to be followed with pain. Symptoms that overlap can lead to a misdiagnosis. Anyone who gets swollen glands that do not go away should see their doctor.

Other signs and symptoms of lymphoma include: Strange itching, Continuous drowsiness, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma might also cause the following symptoms: Continuous coughing, Problem in breath, Stomach aches or swelling.

If an enlarged lymph node presses against spinal nerves or the spinal cord, it might cause pain, weakness, paralysis, or altered sensation. Lymphoma can spread swiftly from lymph nodes to other regions of the body via the lymphatic system. As malignant lymphocytes spread to other tissues, the immune system has been unable to properly protect against infections.

If an enlarged lymph node presses against spinal nerves or the spinal cord, it might cause pain, weakness, paralysis, or altered sensation. Lymphoma can spread rapidly from lymph nodes to other part of the body via the lymphatic system. As malignant lymphocytes spread to other tissues, the immune system has been unable to properly protect against infections.

Risk factors for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma include trusted source:

Age: Most lymphomas occur in people aged 60 years and older. Some varieties, on the other hand, are more likely to occur in teenagers and young adults.

Sex: Women are more likely to have had some types then men. Other types seem to be more common in men.

In the United States, African Americans and Asian Americans had a lower risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma than white persons. In industrialized countries, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common. Pesticides and radiation: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been linked to nuclear radiation and some agricultural chemicals. A person with a weak immune system is more vulnerable. This could be the result of anti-rejection drugs used after an organ transplant or HIV.