Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology
Open Access

Civil engineering is the oldest of the engineering disciplines, with some of its principles well established during the construction of the pyramids in ancient Egypt and the aqueducts in Rome. Environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, construction, and water resources are some of the subspecialties of civil engineering [1,2].

Training for structural specialists begins like that for the other designing disciplines. In the United States, all architects need to go to a four-year ABET-licensed school for their entrance level certification, a Bachelor of Science. While there, all understudies go through a fairly comparable program in their initial two years, paying little mind to future specialization. Classes taken incorporate broad math, physical science, and a few science courses, trailed by statics, elements, mechanics, thermodynamics, liquid elements, and material science. In their last two years, engineers practice by taking courses pertinent to their picked field. For structural designing, this incorporates courses in black-top, concrete, soil, geotechnical, water assets, traffic designing, seismic, span, and progressed structural plan [3,4].

Upon graduation, structural specialists can quickly enter the labor force or proceed to graduate school. Numerous structural specialists decide to seek after a Professional Engineer (P.E.) permit. The cycle initially includes passing a Basics of Engineering (F.E.) test, trailed by quite a while of work insight under an enrolled P.E. lastly sitting for the P.E. test itself. The P.E. permit permits the structural designer to support and approve project plans, and many specialists offer their counseling administrations to modelers on enormous structure projects, where the skill of a structural architect is a significant necessity [5-7].

Structural specialists can for the most part anticipate beginning compensations (with a four year certification) in the $57,000$59,000/ year range, which is generally in the center to-bring down range among designing strengths. The 2014 middle compensation was $82,050. This, obviously, relies exceptionally upon market interest and area. The most elevated beginning compensation of all ($80,000 1) is for oil designing alumni. This specialty is a nearby cousin of structural designing that specializes in finding and separating oil. A graduate degree is exceptionally attractive and expected for some management spots. The work standpoint for structural designers is amazing, as the calling is particularly required as the world's framework ages and populace development makes a requirement for new turn of events [8].

How do structural specialists utilize AutoCAD and what would you be able to anticipate? Industry wide, AutoCAD partakes in a critical measure of purpose among structural designers, as numerous common undertakings are 2D in nature. This is particularly evident with site plan work and some structure plan. An illustration of a common site plan is displayed in with a significant number of them very perplexing and point by point in nature. They use Xrefs for the structure footprint(s), plines or splines for the slopes, furthermore, other progressed instruments. The figure includes the compositional design (impression), parking spaces, arranging, and site limits among different things. Contingent upon the arrangement, utility and electrical cables might be shown, as well as out-entry way lighting, angle lines, and different legitimate limits, like easements and counterbalances [9].

As you move more into exemplary structural designing activities (spans, streets, and so on), 2D AutoCAD gives way to dedicated 3D programming applications exceptionally outfitted to this kind of work, like Micro station, GEOPAK, and advances from Bentley. Whenever AutoCAD is utilized, it is here and there combined with extra programming like Civil 3D, Land Desktop, or different GIS additional items [10].

Layering in structural designing work is exceptionally particular and relies upon the undertaking. Site plan work may incorporate some AIA layers, however for the most part they are unmistakable and exceptional to the organization; there is no general standard. Street, Easement Line, Gas Line, and Property Line are on the whole substantial layer names.

The construction industry is often regarded as one of the most important drivers of economic growth. The construction industry, which is known for its labor-intensive nature, employs a huge fraction of the labour force and contributes significantly to global GDP. The Thai construction industry, for example, was valued at around 1.2 trillion baht (around US$40,000 million) in 2019 and accounted for nearly 8% of the country's GDP. Thailand has a total workforce of 2.4 million construction workers. On the basis of historical data from public construction projects in Thailand, overall labour expenses for a typical building project are projected to be between 30 and 37 percent of total material expenditures. Furthermore, with an average markup The labour expenses can be expected to be about 20% of the entire construction value (i.e., project and general overhead plus profit) of about 25% of total direct costs (i.e., material, labour, and equipment prices). As a result, based on the previously anticipated building cost structure, construction workers in Thailand now earn an average daily wage of around US$11.57, which is nearly equal to the country's minimum wage of US$11.03 (Thailand's Ministry of Labor).

The author would like to acknowledge his Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics from the University of The Hong Kong Polytechnic for their support during this work.

The author has no known conflicts of interested associated with this paper.

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