Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation
Open Access

Mycoremediation (from ancient Greek μύκης (mukēs), meaning"fungus"and the suffix-remedium, in Latin meaning' restoring balance') is a form of bioremediation in which fungi- grounded remediation styles are used to decontaminate the terrain. Fungi have been proven to be a cheap, effective and environmentally sound way for removing a wide array of pollutants from damaged surroundings or wastewater. These pollutants include heavy essence, organic adulterants, cloth colorings, leather tanning chemicals and wastewater, petroleum energies, polycyclic sweet hydrocarbons, medicinals and particular care products, fungicides and dressings in land, fresh water, and marine surroundings [1,2].

The derivations of the remediation can be precious accoutrements themselves, similar as enzymes (like laccase), comestible or medicinal mushrooms, making the remediation process indeed more profitable. Some fungi are useful in the biodegradation of pollutants in extremely cold or radioactive surroundings where traditional remediation styles prove too expensive or are unworkable due to the extreme conditions. Mycoremediation can indeed be used for fire operation with the encapsulation system. This process consists of using fungal spores carpeted with agarose in a bullet form. This bullet is introduced to a substrate in the burnt timber, breaking down the poisons in the terrain and stimulating growth [3,4].

Fungi, thanks to their non-specific enzymes, are suitable to break down numerous kinds of substances including medicinals and spices that are typically recalcitrant to bacteria declination, similar as paracetamol. For illustration, using Mucor hiemalis, the breakdown of products which are poisonous in traditional water treatment, similar as phenols and colors of wine distillery wastewater, X-ray discrepancy agents, and constituents of particular care products, can be broken down in anon-toxic way.

Mycoremediation is a cheaper system of remediation, and it does not generally bear precious outfit. For this reason, it's frequently used in small scale operations, similar as mycofiltration of domestic wastewater, and artificial effluent filtration. According to a 2015 study, mycoremediation can indeed help with the polycyclic sweet hydrocarbons (PAH) soil biodegradation. Soils soaked with creosote contain high attention of PAH and in order to stop the spread, mycoremediation has proven to be the most successful strategy [5].

Fungi are amongst the primary saprotrophic organisms in an ecosystem, as they're effective in the corruption of matter. Wood- decay fungi, especially white spoilage secretes extracellular enzymes and acids that break down lignin and cellulose, the two main structure blocks of factory fiber. These are long- chain organic (carbon- grounded) composites, structurally analogous to numerous organic adulterants. They achieve this using a wide array of enzymes. In the case of polycyclic sweet hydrocarbons (PAHs), complex organic composites with fused, largely stable, polycyclic sweet rings, fungi are veritably effective in addition to marine surroundings. The enzymes involved in this declination are ligninolytic and include lignin peroxidase, protean peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, general lipase, laccase and occasionally intracellular enzymes, especially the cytochrome P450.

Other Poisons fungi are suitable to degrade into inoffensive composites include petroleum energies, phenols in wastewater, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in defiled soils using Pleurotus ostreatus, polyurethane in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, similar as conditions at the bottom of tips using two species of the Ecuadorian fungus Pestalotiopsis, and further. Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom on the side of a tree Pleurotus pulmonarius. The mechanisms of declination aren't always clear, as the mushroom may be a precursor to posterior microbial exertion rather than collectively effective in the junking of adulterants.

1. Klein JM, Anziliero S, Camassola M, Grisa AMC, Brandalise RN, et al. (2012) Evaluation of metal biosorption by the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju on modified polyethylene films. J Bioremed Biodeg 3:152.

Google Scholar

2. Kocaoba S, Arısoy M (2011) The use of a white rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus) immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a new biosorbent in trace metal determination. Bioresour Technol 102: 8035-8039.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

3. Kulshreshtha S, Mathur N, Bhatnagar P (2014) Mushroom as a product and their role in mycoremediation. AMB Express 4: 29.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Lamrood PY, Ralegankar SD (2013) Biosorption of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb and Ni by non-treated biomass of some edible mushrooms. Asian J Exp Biol 4:190-195.

Google Scholar

5. Liew HH, Tay CC, Yong SK, Surif S, Abdul Talib S (2010) Biosorption characteristics of lead [Pb(II)] by Pleurotus ostreatus biomass. In: Abstracts of the proceedings of international conference on science and social research (CSSR), Kuala Lumpur, 2010.