Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior
Open Access

Autism spectrum disorder is a brain development problem that affects how a person perceives and interacts with others, leading to social interaction and communication difficulties. A part of the condition is limited and repetitive patterns of behavior. In autism spectrum disorder, the term "spectrum" refers to the vast range of symptoms and severity.

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses illnesses, such as autism, Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and an unidentified form of the pervasive developmental disease which was previously thought to be distinct. Some people still refer to autism spectrum disorder as "Asperger's syndrome."

Symptoms

Early indicators of autism spectrum condition in children include diminished eye contact, a lack of responsiveness to their name, and apathy toward caretakers. Other children may develop normally for the first several months or years of their lives but subsequently become distant, violent, or lose language abilities. By the age of two, signs and symptoms are usually visible. Each child with autism spectrum condition is likely to have a distinct pattern of behavior and severity levels, ranging from mild to high.

Some children with autism spectrum conditions have learning difficulties, and some show indicators of IQ below average. Other children with this condition have normal to above-average intelligence. They learn quickly but have difficulty in communicating and applying what they've learned in everyday situations, as well as adjusting to social circumstances.

Any of the following indications may indicate that a child or adult with autism spectrum condition is having difficulties with social interaction and communication:

• Fails to respond to your name or looks to be deafening.

• He or she appears to prefer playing alone, retreating into his or her world, to snuggling and holding.

• They may lack facial expression and weak eye contact.

• Does not talk or speaks slowly or loses the ability to pronounce words or sentences previously.

• Can't start or maintain a discussion or may initiate one to make requests or categorize objects.

• Speaks in an unusual tone or rhythm and may utilize a robotic voice.

• Doesn't seem to comprehend basic queries or directions.

• Does not show emotions or feelings and appears to be unconcerned about others' feelings.

• Approaches a social engagement inappropriately by being passive.

• Has trouble interpreting nonverbal signs, such as other people's facial expressions, bodily postures, or voice tone.

Diagnosis

Because there is no medical test for ASD, such as a blood test, diagnosing the problems can be difficult. To make a diagnosis, doctors examine the child's behavior and growth.

ASD can be diagnosed as early as 18 months of age. By the age of two, a professional diagnosis can be considered quite reliable.

Treatment

Early intervention treatment services assist children in learning critical skills from birth to three years old (36 months). As a result, if you suspect your child has ASD or another developmental disorder, you should consult with a doctor as soon as possible.

Your kid may be eligible for early intervention treatment services even if he or she has not been diagnosed with ASD. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) external symbol states that children under the age of 18 are entitled to free publicSation.