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Neurology Journals

Description of the Country:

Japan is one of the most well developed countries not only in Asia but also in the world, which is a neighbour of P.R. China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia. The word Japan means “Sun Origin” and that is why the country is widely known as "Land of the Rising Sun". It is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean with high-rise-filled cities, imperial palaces, mountainous national parks and thousands of shrines and temples. Tokyo, the crowded capital, is known for its neon skyscrapers and pop culture.

Geography of the Country:

Geographically, Japan consists of n number of islands, among those Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku are the four largest islands. Japan's closest neighbours are Korea, Russia and China. The Sea of Japan separates the Asian continent from the Japanese archipelago.

Status of Economy:

Politically and economically, Japan is part of the UN along with other global alliances such as G7, G8, and the G20. The country has the world's third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer. Although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the world's eighth largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles.The period of overall real economic growth from the 1960s to the 1980s has been called the Japanese post-war economic miracle. It averaged about 7.5% in the 1960s and 1970s, and 3.2% in the 1980s and early 1990s.As of 2012, Japan is the third largest national economy in the world, after the United States and China, in terms of nominal GDP and the fourth largest national economy in the world, after the United States, China and India, in terms of purchasing power parity. As of 2014, Japan's public debt was estimated at more than 200 percent of its annual gross domestic product, the largest of any nation in the world. In August 2011, Moody's rating has cut Japan's long-term sovereign debt rating one notch from Aa3 to Aa2 inline with the size of the country's deficit and borrowing level. The large budget deficits and government debt since the 2009 global recession and followed by earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 made the rating downgrade. The top diseases in Japan that leads to death are- Influenza, Coronary heart disease, Cancer. This was due to the radiation effect after the atomic bomb attack. Even though they survived to be the one of the top highly developed countries.

Research and Development:

Japan is leading nation in scientific research, mainly technology, machinery and biomedical research. Few ongoing researches-

Most research and development is private, although government support to universities and laboratories aid industry greatly. In 1986 private industry provided 76 percent of the funding for research and development, which was especially strong in the late 1980s in electrical machinery (with a ratio of research costs to total sales of 5.5 percent in 1986), precision instruments (4.6 percent), chemicals (4.3 percent), and transportation equipment (3.2 percent). As for government research and development, the national commitment to greater defense spending in the 1980s translated into increased defense-related research and development. Meanwhile, government moved away from supporting large-scale industrial technology, such as shipbuilding and steel. Research emphases in the 1980s were in alternative energy, information processing, life sciences, and modern industrial materials.

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