Marine Actinomycetes: A Source of Novel Therapeutic Drugs

Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India

*Corresponding Author:

Nagendra Sastry Yarla
Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics
School of Life Sciences, GITAM Institute of Science
GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India – 530 045
Tel: +91 97016 08894
E-mail: sastryyn@gmail.com

Received date: November 14, 2013; Accepted date: November 15, 2013; Published date: November 22, 2013

Citation: Yarla NS (2013) Marine Actinomycetes: A Source of Novel Therapeutic Drugs. J Marine Sci Res Dev 3:e119. doi: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000e119

Copyright: © 2013 Yarla NS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development

Marine microorganisms widely distributed on our oceans of the earth and emerging as the great source for the discovery of natural products. Further they are developing as therapeutic agents for various human diseases. Antibacterial [1,2], antifungal [1-3], anti-parasitic [4], antiviral [5], anti-infective [6], insecticidal [4], antitumor [2], antiinflammatory, antioxidant [7] and herbicidal compounds [8] as well as many other compounds are enzyme inhibitors [9] have been isolating from marine actinomycetes. Almost 60% of the antibiotics discovered in the year 1990 and most of the antibiotics (Streptomycin related antibiotics) are from the genus Streptomyces [10].

Marine drugs have been using for various diseases like cancer, typhoid, cholera etc, Hymenialdisine (HMD), a sponge-derived natural product reported as human kinase inhibitors with nanomolar activity. Several antitumor antibiotics like aporphine alkaloids have been isolated from marine actinomycetes. A new macromolecular peptide antibiotic, named AN-1 was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces albus AJ 9003 [11]. An antibiotic complex identical to Paulomycins A & B active against multiple resistant strains of staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria was isolated from cultures of Streptomyces albus G [12]. Salinosporamide A, produced by the marine actinomycete, Salinispora tropica, shows strong inhibitory activity against the erythrocytic stages of the parasite cycle. Biochemical characterization supports the likely inhibition of the parasite 20S proteasome. Several marine-derived compounds used as anticancer agents are undergoing promising preclinical and clinical development. Therefore, the marinederived actinomycetes act as a prominent reservoir for novel drug molecules and answer to several diseases.

References

1. Ramesh S, Mathivanan N (2009) Screening of marine actinomycetes isolated from the Bay of Bengal, India for antimicrobial activity and industrial enzymes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25: 2103-2111.
2. Berdy J (2005) Bioactive microbial metabolites. J Antibiot 58: 1-26.
3. Prabavathy VR, Mathivanan N, Murugesan K (2006) Control of blast and sheath blight diseases of rice using antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. PM5. Biol Control 39: 313-319.
4. Pimentel-Elardo SM, Kozytska S, Bugni TS, Ireland CM, Moll H, et al. (2010) Antiparasitic compounds from Streptomyces sp. strains isolated from Mediterranean sponges. Mar Drugs 8: 373-380.
5. Sacramento DR, Coelho RRR, Wigg MD, Linhares LFTL, Santos MGM, et al. (2004) Semedo LTAS. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of an actinomycete (Streptomyces sp.) isolated from a Brazilian tropical forest soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol20: 225-229.
6. Rahman H, Austin B, Mitchell WJ, Morris PC, Jamieson DJ, et al. (2010) Adams DR Mar Drugs8: 498.
7. Teppei K, Miho I, Misa O, Hideki Y, Masayuki H, et al. (2012) JBIR-94 and JBIR-125, Antioxidative Phenolic Compounds from Streptomyces sp. R56-07. J Nat Prod 75: 107-110.
8. Sousa CS, Soares ACF, Garrido MS (2008) Characterization of Streptomyceteswith potential to promote plant growth and biocontrol. Sci Agric 65: 50-55.
9. Hong K, Gao AH, Xie QY, Gao H, Zhuang L, et al. (2009) Actinomycetes for marine drug discovery isolated from mangrove soils and plants in China. Mar Drugs 7: 24-44.
10. Ramesh S, William A (2012) Marine actinomycetes: An ongoing source of novel bioactive metabolites. Microbiol Res 167: 571-580.
11. Shigeyoshi M, Takao K, Hiroshiro S, Tsuyoshi S (1983) The fermentation, Isolation and Characterization of a Macromolecular peptide antibiotic. AN-1. J Antibiot37: 27-32.
12. Majer J, Chater KF (1987) Streptomyces albus G produces an antibiotic complex identical to paulomycins A & B. J Gen Microbiol 133: 2503-2507.