Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Depressive Symptoms in a Nigerian Family Practice Setting

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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Depressive Symptoms in a Nigerian Family Practice Setting

Objectives: Clinically significant Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is frequently encountered among patients with depressive symptoms, and a significant association was observed between depression, body mass index and EDS. Incidentally this sleep disorder is often overlooked. The aim of this study was to examine the association between excessive daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, body mass index and blood pressure in a Nigerian family practice setting. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study. Systematic sampling method was used in recruiting the patients. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depressive symptoms. EDS was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The international classification of BMI was used. Classification of hypertension was made according to (JNC 7). Results: One hundred and seventy eight (44.5%) were found to have one form of depression or the other. There was female preponderance. Depression was prominent in the age group 51-60 years, more among the married than the single, as well as those with low socio economic status. There was strong statistical association between age, sex, marital status, level of education, occupation and monthly income (p-values 0.008, 0.000, 0.000, 0.003, 0.000 and 0.001 respectively). Forty five (25.3%) were hypertensive. Fifty nine (33.1%) scored 10 or more on the ESS which was clinically significant sleepiness. Forty seven (26.4%) were obese constituting (23.7%) of the poor sleepers. Ninety three (52.2%) were poor sleepers, sleeping less than the normal 7 hours. Conclusion: In this study, significant EDS was found with patients with depressive disorders and higher body mass index. Therefore patients with a complaint of EDS should be thoroughly assessed for depression and obesity.

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