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| Figure 2: Invadopodia in cancer migration. After tumor cells have proceeded through EMT, invadopodia form in the cellular cytoskeleton, giving the cells a migratory phenotype. Degradation of basement membranes and extracellular matrix during migration is achieved by invadopodia through the use of metallo proteases. Cells can then migrate to the ECM, where they form pseudopodia. Invadopodia are involved in directional migration and chemotaxis during the travel through the ECM. Once tumor cells reach the endothelium, they again use invadopodia to degrade the basement membrane and enter the blood stream. Image courtesy of [10]. |
