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| Figure 1: GCS determines the opposite effects of doxorubicin in cancer stem cells versus bone marrow stem cells. Doxorubicin treatments result in cer-induced apoptosis of bone marrow stem cells that have lower levels of GCS, but higher levels of GCS protect cancer stem cells from doxorubicin via GSL-maintained pluripotency. Cer, ceramide; GSL, glycosphingolipid. |
