Figure 2: Gene delivery by CNTs (a) Plasmid DNA (DNA) by itself is unable to penetrate the cell membrane (b) DNA is either covalently or non-covalently attached to CNT(c) DNA conjugated CNTs gain entry inside the cell (d) DNA released in the cytoplasm (e) DNA travels through cytoplasm to enter the nucleus (f) gene expressed (g) DNA-CNT complex escapes from endolysosomal pathway and subsequent degradation by hydrolytic enzymes and (h) finally goes to mitochondria.