| Cerebral Stimulants | ||
| Drug | Properties | Pharmacogenetics |
 |
Name: Methylphenidate Hydrochloride, Centedrine, Methylphenidate HCl, Centedrin, Concerta, Ritalin hydrochloride, Ritalin IUPAC Name: Methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-2-ylacetate; hydrochloride Molecular Formula:C14H20ClNO2 Molecular Weight: 269.7671 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons. Appears to stimulate cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. Effect: Central Nervous System stimulant, Dopamine uptake inhibitor |
Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, COMT, DRD2, DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Mechanistic genes: ADRA2A, CES1, COMT, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SNAP25 Drug metabolism-related genes: - Substrate: CES1 - Inhibitor: CES1, CYP2D6(weak), SLC6A3 Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Pleiotropic genes: CES2 |
 |
Name: Dexmethylphenidate,d-threo-Methylphenidate, D-TMP, UNII-M32RH9MFGP, CHEBI: 51860. IUPAC Name: Methyl (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate Molecular Formula:C14H19NO2 Molecular Weight: 233.30616 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, and increases their release into the extraneuronal space. Effect: Central Nervous System stimulant, Dopamine uptake inhibitor |
Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, COMT, DRD4, SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Mechanistic genes: ADRA2A, DRD4, SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate:: CES1, COMT, CYP2D6 Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Pleiotropic genes: DRD4 |
 |
Name: Amphetamine, Desoxynorephedrine, 1-phenylpropan-2-amine, Mydrial, 1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane, Adderall IUPAC Name: 1-phenylpropan-2-amine Molecular Formula:C9H13N Molecular Weight: 135.20622 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Release of norepinephrine from stores in adrenergic nerve terminals and direct action on both α- and β- receptor sites. Effect: Adrenergic agent, Adrenergic uptake inhibitor, Appetite depressant, Central Nervous System stimulant, Dopamine Agent, Dopamine uptake inhibitors, MAO inhibitor |
Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, ADRA2C, COMT, DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DRD5, HTR1A, HTR1D, HTR1B, MAOA, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, SLC6A4 Mechanistic genes: ADRAs, ADRBs, DRDs, HTRs, MAOs, SLC18A2 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate: COMT, CYP2B6, CYP2D6 (major), CYP3A4 (major), CYP19A1 -Inhibitor: CYP1A2 (moderate), CYP2A6 (weak), CYP2D6 (moderate), CYP3A4 (moderate), MAO Transporter genes: ABCG2, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC18A2 Pleiotropic genes: FOS, CSNK1E |
 |
Name: Dextroamphetamine, Dexamphetamine, D-Amphetamine, Dexamfetamine, (S)-Amphetamine, Dexedrine, (+)-Amphetamine IUPAC Name: (2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine Molecular Formula:C9H13N Molecular Weight: 135.104799 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine from the synapse, thus increasing the amount of circulating dopamine and norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex to reticular activating system. Inhibits action of monoamine oxidase and causes catecholamines to be released. Effect: Adrenergic agent, Adrenergic uptake inhibitor, Appetite depressant, Central Nervous System stimulant, Dopamine agent, Dopamine uptake inhibitors, MAO inhibitor |
Pathogenic genes: CSNK1E, SLC6A3 Mechanistic genes: ADRA1A, ADRA1B, FOS, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC18A2 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate: COMT, CYP2D6(major) -Inhibitor: MAOA, MAOB Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC18A2 |
 |
Name: Methamphetamine, Metamfetamine, d-Deoxyephedrine, d-Desoxyephedrine, d-N-Methylamphetamine, Metamphetamine, d-Phenylisopropylmethylamine IUPAC Name: (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine Molecular Formula:C10H15N Molecular Weight: 149.2328 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Triggers a cascading release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Acts as a dopaminergic and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor and in high concentrations as a monamine oxidase inhibitor. Effect: Adrenergic agent, Adrenergic uptake inhibitor, Appetite depressant, Central Nervous System stimulant, Dopamine agent, Dopamine uptake inhibitors, MAO inhibitor |
Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, ADRA2C, ADRB2, ADRB3, BDNF, CNR1, COMT, CRY1, DBH, MAOA, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4 Mechanistic genes: ADRAs, ADRBs, BDNF, CASP3, CNR1, COMT, CRY1, DBH, DTNBP1, MAOA, MAOB, GAD2, GABRs, GSTM1, GSTP1, SLC6A2, OPRM1, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC6A9, SLC18A2, SLC22A3, TAAR1 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate: CYP1A2, CYP2D6 (major), CYP2E1, CYP3A4 -Inhibitor: BCL2, BAX, COX, CRY1, GSTA3, GSTM1, MAOA, TH Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC6A9, SLC18A2, SLC22A3, SLC22A5 Pleiotropic genes: PARK2 |
 |
Name: Lisdexamfetamine, UNII-H645GUL8KJ, NRP104, 608137-32-2, DB01255, LS-187377 IUPAC Name: (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide Molecular Formula:C15H25N3O Molecular Weight: 263.3785 g/mol Category: Centrally acting sympathomimetics Mechanism: Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. Effect: Central Nervous System Stimulant |
Pathogenic genes: COMT, MAOA, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4 Mechanistic genes: CSNK1E, SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate: CYP2D6 -Inhibitor: MAOA, MAOB7 Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4 Pleiotropic genes: CYP3A4 |
| NON-STIMULANTS AGENTS | ||
| Drug | Properties | Pharmacogenetics |
 |
Name: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Tomoxetine, Tomoxetina, Tomoxetinum, (-)-Tomoxetine, Strattera, Tomoxetinum. IUPAC Name: (3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine Molecular Formula:C17H21NO Molecular Weight: 255.35474 g/mol Category: Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. Mechanism: Selectively inhibits the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter. Effect: Adrenergic uptake inhibitor, Antidepressive agent |
Pathogenic genes: ADRA2C, DRD4, SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Mechanistic genes:SLC6A2 Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate: CYP2C19(minor), CYP2D6 (major) -Inhibitor: CES1, CYP1A2(weak), CYP2C9 (weak), CYP2D6 (moderate), CYP3A4 (moderate), SLC6A2 Transporter genes: SLC6A2, SLC6A3 Pleiotropic genes: DRD4 |
 |
Name: Guanfacine, Intuniv, Estulic, Guanfacinum, Guanfacina. IUPAC Name: N-carbamimidoyl-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide Molecular Formula: C9H9Cl2N3O Molecular Weight: 246.09326 g/mol Category: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Mechanism: Selectively stimulates central alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors, resulting in inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor centers. Effect: Antihypertensive effects, Adrenergic alpha-agonists, Strengthening prefrontal cortex functions |
Pathogenic genes:ADRA1B , ADRA2A Mechanistic genes:ADRA2A Drug metabolism-related genes: -Substrate:ABCB1, CYP3A4 Transporter genes:ABCB1 |
