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Despite many methods exists for the early diagnosis and treatment, heart failure resulting from myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Most of the treatment modalities against heart failure are symptom-based, short-term and do not prolong survival. Stem cell-based therapy is promising strategy to lead to cardiac repair after MI. Over the last decade, stem cells with diverse origin, identity, and plasticity have been utilized for the regeneration and repair of damaged myocardium after MI, both in animal models and humans. The major challenges and dilemmas in stem cell therapy after MI included- ethical concerns and alloreactivity (with embryonic stem cells), malignant transformation and vector contamination (with inducible progenitor cells), coronary restenosis (with mobilization of bone marrow stem cells), and cardiac arrhythmias and structural heterogeneity due to non-coupling of cardiac and non-cardiac skeletal cells (with skeletal myoblasts).
Origin and Selection of Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction